GHK-Cu

Overview

GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine:Copper(II) Complex) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex first identified in human plasma by Dr. Loren Pickart in 1973. The peptide is found in plasma, saliva, and urine, with plasma levels declining significantly with age — from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60.

GHK-Cu has attracted substantial research interest due to its remarkably diverse biological activities, encompassing skin remodeling, wound healing, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant protection. The copper ion is essential for the peptide's biological activity, serving as a cofactor for copper-dependent enzymes involved in tissue remodeling.

Chemical Profile

Mechanism of Action

GHK-Cu exerts its biological effects through multiple interconnected pathways. The peptide activates Smad signaling cascades, which regulate the transcription of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. This leads to upregulation of collagen types I and III, elastin, and decorin — proteins essential for skin structure and elasticity.

The copper ion in GHK-Cu serves as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase, the enzyme responsible for cross-linking collagen and elastin fibers, contributing to tissue structural integrity. Additionally, GHK-Cu promotes angiogenesis through upregulation of VEGF and FGF-2, and stimulates nerve growth factor (NGF) expression.

GHK-Cu also acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent by suppressing TGF-β and TNF-α while promoting the activity of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), preventing excessive matrix degradation. Its antioxidant properties involve upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other protective enzymes.

Research Applications

• Skin remodeling and collagen synthesis
• Wound healing acceleration
• Anti-inflammatory mechanism research
• Stem cell attraction and tissue regeneration
• Antioxidant enzyme upregulation
• Hair growth and follicle biology
• Nerve growth factor stimulation
• Age-related skin changes

Handling & Reconstitution

1. 1Allow the vial and sterile water to reach room temperature (15–25°C).
2. 2Using a sterile syringe, withdraw the appropriate volume of sterile water.
3. 3Inject the water slowly along the inside wall of the vial — do not spray directly onto the powder.
4. 4Gently swirl the vial until the powder is fully dissolved. Do not shake vigorously.
5. 5Once reconstituted, store at 2°C – 8°C. Protect from light.
6. 6Use within 28 days after reconstitution.
7. 7Do not freeze reconstituted solution.